This research is carried out to answer three questions: 1 and 2: Why in a number of Anisometropic Amblyopic children, the Amblyopia is treated merely by correcting the refractive error and some by correcting the refractive error along with active and inactive treatment? 3- Why in a number of children, despite the same symptoms, the Amblyopia is not treated by practicing the same treatment?

In this descriptive-analytical study, 114 Anisometropic Amblyopic children in 7.35±1.61 age average without strabismus and organic lesions were admitted into the study. The children were divided into two groups, the control group and the subject group. The examination in both groups included: assessing Microtropia, Cyclo refraction, Refraction, eye parameters and the best correcting visual acuity.

A statistical significant difference existed between the two groups in mean axial length (P=0.040), the anterior corneal power (p=0.014) in Amblyopic eye, refractive error (p<0.001), Anisoaxial (p<0.001), AnisoIOL (P<0.001) and Anisometropia (p<0.001). All children in the subject group showed minimum 4.00 diopter anisoIOL. A statistically significant relationship existed between maximum 1mm Anisoaxial and the control group; and Anixoacial> 1 mm and the subject group (P<0.001). There existed a negative linear relation with (R2=0.774) between Anisoaxial and visual acuity last correction; and a positive linear relation between Anisoaxial and Anisometropia (R2=0.835). The correlation between refractive error and cornea power was not significant (p=0.559).

As Ansiometropia becomes more intensive, the Anisoaxial degree increases and by increase the Anisoaxial VA worsens; and higher resistance to treatment appears. According to the results of the study, all treatment resisting individuals showed Anisoaxial higher than 1mm; therefore, over 1 mm Anisoaxial must be considered a serious [factor] in resistance to treatment.